{"id":171290,"date":"2025-02-10T13:03:13","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T13:03:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/?p=171290"},"modified":"2026-02-19T11:43:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T11:43:43","slug":"new-coke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/","title":{"rendered":"New Coke: A Classic Branding Case Study on a Major Product Change Failure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The launch of \u201cNew Coke\u201d 40 years ago, in 1985, is one of the most famous case studies in the world of branding and marketing. It is also one of the biggest mistakes made by a big consumer brand, with many lessons to learn from.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On April 23 of that year, The Coca-Cola Company decided to change the formula of its most popular drink for the first time in 99 years and launch it as \u201cNew Coke\u201d. The objective was to regain market share in the US and in the cola category &#8211; especially against Pepsi &#8211; but things didn\u2019t go as planned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The backlash from consumers was so huge that the company had to go back to the original Coca-Cola formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let\u2019s see what happened in detail \u2013 and most importantly, what we can learn from this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#About_the_Brand\" >About the Brand<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#The_Context\" >The Context<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#The_Branding_Objectives\" >The Branding Objectives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#The_Market_Research\" >The Market Research<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#The_Launch_of_New_Coke\" >The Launch of New Coke<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#The_Publics_Reaction_Protests_Panic_and_Phone_Calls\" >The Public\u2019s Reaction: Protests, Panic, and Phone Calls<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#The_Impact_on_Coca-Colas_Sales_and_The_Brands_Reaction\" >The Impact on Coca-Cola\u2019s Sales and The Brand\u2019s Reaction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#Back_to_The_Classic_Formula\" >Back to The Classic Formula<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#What_Happened_to_New_Coke\" >What Happened to New Coke?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#Final_Outcomes\" >Final Outcomes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2025\/02\/new-coke\/#Key_Lessons_Takeaways_for_Marketers_Brand_Strategists\" >Key Lessons &amp; Takeaways for Marketers &amp; Brand Strategists<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_Brand\"><\/span>About the Brand<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-171306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5-380x238.png 380w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5-800x500.png 800w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5-760x475.png 760w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-5-600x375.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/the-birth-of-a-refreshing-idea\">Coca-Cola Company<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola was created on May 8, 1886, in Atlanta, Georgia, by Dr. John Stith Pemberton and was first sold at Jacobs&#8217; Pharmacy for five cents a glass.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pemberton first thought of the drink as a medicine for headaches, not just a regular refreshment. He also believed it could help with hangovers. A druggist found that the syrup tasted really good when mixed with sparkling water, and that&#8217;s how Coke, as we know it, was created.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the 1930s, it had become a significant part of American culture<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>, symbolizing refreshment and enjoyment. Today, Coca-Cola is a global beverage leader, operating in over 200 countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Context\"><\/span>The Context<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many people recall what went wrong with \u201cNew Coke\u201d but few know what the exact situation was, when the brand executives decided to reformulate the flagship product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Coca-Cola brand originated in the 1880s and has been enjoying its position as the leading brand in the market for many years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1970s \u2013 1980s, the campaign \u201cPepsi Generation\u201d was getting traction, and the rival brand was gaining more popularity in the US market.<a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the late 1970s, Coca-Cola\u2019s leaders were focusing on legal disputes over competition rules, conflicts with bottlers over syrup prices due to inflation, debates about franchise ownership, and several failed product diversifications. All of this led them to focus less on the marketing and sales of their main product.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Harvard Business School\u2019s case study, at that time, Coke\u2019s growth slowed significantly from 15% per year to about 2%, and by 1980, Pepsi surpassed Coke in supermarket sales for the first time, taking 29.3% of the market while Coke had 29%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two years before the release of Coca-Cola\u2019s new product, Pepsi partnered with Michael Jackson for a $5 million deal. In 1984, Michael Jackson\u2019s commercial contributed to the brand&#8217;s success, and Pepsi reported $7.7 billion in sales.<a href=\"#_ftn6\" id=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> In addition, Pepsi had launched \u201cthe Pepsi Challenge\u201d, a popular campaign in which blind tests revealed that the majority of participants preferred the taste of Pepsi over Coca-Cola.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" id=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-171308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3-380x238.png 380w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3-800x500.png 800w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3-760x475.png 760w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-3-600x375.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pepsico.com\/who-we-are\/about-pepsico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Pepsico<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to this, Coke faced other challenges as industry forecasts predicted slower growth due to aging consumers choosing healthier drinks. Coca-Cola\u2019s market research showed a decline in brand loyalty (exclusive Coke drinkers dropped from 18% in 1972 to 12% in 1982). Meanwhile, Pepsi\u2019s exclusive drinkers increased from 4% to 11% over the same period, a tendency that was also reflected in market share trends during the same period.<a href=\"#_ftn8\" id=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the company was still number one at the time<a href=\"#_ftn9\" id=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>, Pepsi was cutting into Coke&#8217;s market share. This decrease accelerated when the Michael Jackson campaign started. Overall, Coke executives had strong concerns about consumer preference and brand awareness which were both decreasing for Coke.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" id=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"thebr-posts-middle-2\" style=\"text-align: center;\" id=\"thebr-630973127\"><div id=\"thebr-3362890995\"><a class=\"advanced-image\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.thebrandingjournal.com\/ultimate-brand-building-system-marketers?utm_source=website&#038;utm_medium=banner&#038;utm_campaign=course_articles&#038;utm_content=blue_arrow\" data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n    <picture>\r\n        <source media=\"(max-width: 991px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TBJ-Brand-Building-System-Blue-Arrow-300x250-1.gif\" type=\"image\"\/>\r\n        <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TBJ-Brand-Building-System-Blue-Arrow-600-x-300.gif\" type=\"image\"\/>\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"banner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/TBJ-Brand-Building-System-Blue-Arrow-600-x-300.gif\" alt=\"Course image\"\/>\r\n    <\/picture>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/div><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Branding_Objectives\"><\/span>The Branding Objectives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With this context in mind, The Coca-Cola Company decided that something had to be done in order to regain market shares and re-invigorate the brand. The main objective was therefore to ensure Coca-Cola remained number one in the market and to do something against the increasing rise of its main competitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite spending more on ads, running a strong marketing campaign, and having better distribution and competitive pricing, the brand was still losing customers. With no clear reason for the decline, Coca-Cola\u2019s executives started to question whether the problem was the product itself.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" id=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> Taste tests like the Pepsi Challenge suggested that consumer preferences were changing, leading Coke to reconsider its long-standing formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Market_Research\"><\/span>The Market Research<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1982, Coca-Cola surveyed 2,000 people in 10 major cities to see how they would react to a new Coke formula. Participants viewed mock ads and answered questions about whether they would try, switch to, or be upset by the change. Results showed that 10-12% of Coke drinkers would be unhappy (half of these would eventually accept it, the other half not), while some Pepsi drinkers were also interested. However, focus groups revealed strong opposition from loyal Coke fans, though researchers dismissed this as a minority opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite these mixed reactions, Coca-Cola developed a new, sweeter, and smoother formula in 1984 after nearly 200,000 taste tests showed that people preferred the new version they&#8217;ve created.<a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> A small committee, including five top Coke executives, oversaw the research. After the first research conducted on 100,000 people, CEO Roberto Goizueta kept asking if there was any flaw in the data. To be certain, Coca-Cola hired a second research firm and spent over $1 million to repeat another 100,000 tests. The results came back the same: Consumers still preferred the new formula by a margin of 53-47. Confident in the numbers, Coca-Cola moved forward and launched New Coke.<a href=\"#_ftn13\" id=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the taste tests didn&#8217;t reveal the deep emotional bond people had with the original Coca-Cola\u2014something consumers weren\u2019t willing to give up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to note that Coca-Cola first considered selling both the old and new Coke, but they decided not to do it because of concerns from bottlers and stores. Bottlers wouldn\u2019t want the hassle of making two different products, and stores wouldn\u2019t want to use their limited space to stock both versions. An executive pointed out that if a restaurant chain like McDonald&#8217;s would switch to the new Coke while the old version was still available, it could hurt the brand&#8217;s image. He believed that only the best version of the drink should carry the brand\u2019s name.<a href=\"#_ftn14\" id=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Launch_of_New_Coke\"><\/span>The Launch of New Coke<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola announced a change to its nearly century-old secret formula, introducing a smoother, sweeter version of the drink. <a href=\"#_ftn15\" id=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new formula was officially launched as &#8220;Coke,&#8221; though the word &#8220;New&#8221; appeared on bottles and cans, leading to the unofficial name &#8220;New Coke.&#8221; <a href=\"#_ftn16\" id=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> The packaging was also redesigned with silver and red colors to highlight the change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"New Coke 1985\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/X2MvTa4HTYc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The brand launched a campaign to promote the new product, featuring Bill Cosby as the spokesperson. Ads focused on comparing the new formula to the old one to highlight its better taste, and also included updated \u201cCoke Is It\u201d commercials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"New Coke Commercial with Bill Cosby (1985)\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hQkCaGqFc0w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bill Cosby NEW Coke Commercial 1985 - closed captioned\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3GmAmT0_zgU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The taste was similar to Diet Coke but sweetened with corn syrup. Market researchers and pollsters were confident it would be a success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As mentioned earlier, Coca-Cola executives made this change in response to competition, marking the most significant reformulation of the drink since the removal of coca leaf extracts as an ingredient in the early 1900s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/video\/1985-coca-cola-launches-new-coke\/\"><em>Watch the Original 1985 &#8220;CBS Evening News&#8221; report on the new Coke here<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Publics_Reaction_Protests_Panic_and_Phone_Calls\"><\/span>The Public\u2019s Reaction: Protests, Panic, and Phone Calls<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2.png\" alt=\"Old ad posters of new coke\" class=\"wp-image-171309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2-380x238.png 380w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2-800x500.png 800w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2-760x475.png 760w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-2-600x375.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image Credits: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Coca-Cola Company<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The launch of New Coke in April 1985 triggered an immediate and intense backlash. The press coverage was extensive, and people quickly called it \u201cthe biggest marketing blunder of all time\u201d.<a href=\"#_ftn17\" id=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Coca-Cola itself, many people panicked or got depressed.<a href=\"#_ftn18\" id=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cWhen the taste change was announced, some consumers panicked, filling their basements with cases of Coke\u00ae. A man in San Antonio, Texas, drove to a local bottler and bought $1,000 worth of Coca\u2011Cola. Some people got depressed over the loss of their favorite soft drink. Suddenly everyone was talking about Coca\u2011Cola, realizing what an important role it played in his or her life.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Calls flooded Coca-Cola\u2019s offices. By June 1985, the company was still receiving 1,500 calls a day\u2014four times more than usual. And people didn\u2019t just complain; they also took action. Groups like the&nbsp;<em>Society for the Preservation of the Real Thing<\/em>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<em>Old Cola Drinkers of America<\/em>&nbsp;(which claimed 100,000 members) formed to demand the return of the original Coke. In Atlanta, protesters even carried signs that read, \u201cWe want the real thing\u201d and \u201cOur children will never know refreshment.\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn19\" id=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The outrage spread across the country. CBS News reporter Bob Simon described it as \u201cthe people against the corporation\u2014only in America.\u201d In California, fans gathered signatures, while in Seattle, they set up a protest hotline. One man, Gay Mullins, led the charge. As <em>head of&nbsp;Old Cola Drinkers of America, he spent $30,000 of his own money and three weeks of his time<\/em> fighting to bring back the original formula<a href=\"#_ftn20\" id=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>. He believed Coca-Cola had betrayed its customers, told a reporter for People back then:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cHow can they do this? They were guarding a sacred trust! Coca-Cola has tied this drink to the very fabric of America &#8211; apple pie, baseball, the Statue of Liberty. And now they replace it with a new formula, and they tell us just to forget it. They have taken away my freedom of choice. It\u2019s un-American!\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>In terms of the taste, food critic Mimi Sheraton wrote in a Time magazine&nbsp;review that \u201c \u201cNew Coke seems to retain the essential character of the original version \u2026 It tastes a little like classic Coca-Cola that has been diluted by melting ice\u201d. <a href=\"#_ftn21\" id=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Impact_on_Coca-Colas_Sales_and_The_Brands_Reaction\"><\/span>The Impact on Coca-Cola\u2019s Sales and The Brand\u2019s Reaction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The return of the original formula came at a cost. Coca-Cola lost millions in research and advertising but gained a huge amount of free publicity, strengthening its position as a market leader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though many customers complained through calls and letters, sales and surveys showed a different story. By June, 150 million people had tried New Coke. The new product was still winning over Pepsi in blind taste tests and was slightly preferred over the classic formula. 75% percent of people who tried it said they would buy it again, Coca-Cola\u2019s brand rating went higher than Pepsi\u2019s, sales were growing twice as fast as the year before, and bottlers were selling more than the previous years. The brand continued to respond to negative reactions but focused on increasing their sampling actions instead of advertising budgets.<a href=\"#_ftn22\" id=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Considering these figures, it\u2019s understandable that experts predicted New Coke would succeed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, things changed when the old version of Coke completely disappeared from the shelves. According to Harvard Business School, customer complaints surged, with 8,000 calls a day, and by July, only 30% of surveyed people said they liked the new version. Sales started slowing, media coverage of the backlash grew, and Coca-Cola\u2019s executives were shocked by how emotional customers were about losing the original formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite this, the brand decided to wait and see how sales performed over the first weekend of July, but the results were disappointing. Meanwhile, Pepsi took advantage of the situation, running ads claiming Coke had changed its formula because people preferred Pepsi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Back_to_The_Classic_Formula\"><\/span>Back to The Classic Formula<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"625\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4.png\" alt=\"New Coke vs Coca-Cola Classic\" class=\"wp-image-171310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4-380x238.png 380w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4-800x500.png 800w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4-760x475.png 760w, https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/New-Coke-branding-4-600x375.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Image Credits: Pictures from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Coca-Cola Company<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/auctions.taverntrove.com\/online-auctions\/taverntrove\/1988-coca-cola-olympics-sponsor-12oz-can-jackson-tn-4983269\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Tavern Trove<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Precisely 79 days after the launch of New Coke, on July 11, 1985, the Coca-Cola Company officially announced they would bring the &#8216;old&#8217; product recipe back to the shelves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The news made headlines across the country. Consumers celebrated the decision, and in just two days, Coca-Cola received 31,600 phone calls on their hotline. It became clear that Coca-Cola was more than just a drink\u2014it was a part of American culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola Classic didn\u2019t replace New Coke right away. Both formulas were sold at the same time, with separate advertising campaigns. Coca-Cola Classic leaned into nostalgia with its \u201cRed, White and You\u201d campaign, while New Coke targeted younger audiences with the upbeat \u201cCatch the Wave\u201d ads.<a href=\"#_ftn23\" id=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this press conference, Coca-Cola\u2019s executives explained the decision, saying they underestimated the passion and sense of patriotism for the brand and apologized for this mistake. Coca-Cola&#8217;s president ended his speech by saying: \u201cIt only means what we say that our boss is the consumer. Some critics will say \u201cCoca-Cola has made a marketing mistake\u201d and some cynics say that we planned the whole thing. The truth is: we&#8217;re not that dumb, and we&#8217;re not that smart\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Don Keough Speech Classic Coke\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t_djFC9Uhuw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Happened_to_New_Coke\"><\/span>What Happened to New Coke?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although New Coke was not well received, it remained available for several years. In 1992, it was rebranded as Coke II but never gained much popularity. With low sales and little demand, the drink was officially discontinued in 2002.<a href=\"#_ftn24\" id=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, a Stranger Things collector\u2019s edition featuring two cans of New Coke could be purchased on Amazon for $39.99 a few years ago.<em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_Outcomes\"><\/span>Final Outcomes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the end, Coca-Cola achieved its main goal\u2014reaffirming its dominance in the cola market\u2014but not in the way it originally planned. The launch of New Coke in 1985 was a failure, sparking widespread consumer backlash. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, this misstep ultimately reinforced Coca-Cola\u2019s brand identity and deepened consumer loyalty, proving that even branding disasters can be turned into long-term success if managed correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, nearly 40 years later, Coca-Cola remains a market leader, showing that learning from mistakes is just as important as avoiding them.<strong> <\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Lessons_Takeaways_for_Marketers_Brand_Strategists\"><\/span>Key Lessons &amp; Takeaways for Marketers &amp; Brand Strategists<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola&#8217;s New Coke launch is one of the most well-known marketing failures in corporate history. But the reason we love to analyze these case studies is because there is so much we can learn from them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2015\/05\/what-to-learn-from-tropicanas-packaging-redesign-failure\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1381\">Tropicana&#8217;s packaging redesign<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/2021\/04\/learnings-gap-logo-redesign-fail\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"6331\">Gap&#8217;s new logo<\/a>, or <a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Vegemite-iSnack-2.0.jpg\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"6166\">Vegemite&#8217;s product extension<\/a>, New Coke is a classic case study that offers many insights for marketers and brand strategists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the key insights and takeaways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Brands like Coca-Cola That Shape Culture Need to Protect Their Heritage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When they changed their main product\u2019s formula, Coca-Cola had been part of American culture for nearly 100 years. Coke was already part of Americans&#8217; daily lives and deeply tied to American culture. When brands have this much influence on culture, they must be extra careful with modifications related to their story and legacy since any change can affect not just customers but society as a whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Pepsi-Cola USA&#8217;s CEO Roger Enrico said it well <a href=\"#_ftn25\" id=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;I think, by the end of their nightmare, they figured out who they really are. Caretakers. They can&#8217;t change the taste of their flagship brand. They can&#8217;t change its imagery. All they can do is defend the heritage they nearly abandoned in 1985.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Customers Own the Brand, Not the Company<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola believed it could dictate change, but consumers fiercely defended what they saw as&nbsp;their&nbsp;brand. This highlights a timeless truth: businesses may create products, but customers ultimately define their meaning and value. Ignoring this reality can damage consumer trust and brand equity. A Coca-Cola spokesperson told CBS News<a href=\"#_ftn26\" id=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;Thirty years ago, we introduced New Coke with no shortage of hype and fanfare. And it did succeed in shaking up the market. But not in the way it was intended. When we look back, this was the pivotal moment when we learned that fiercely loyal consumers -not the company &#8211; own Coca-Cola and all of our brands. It is a lesson that we take seriously and one that becomes clearer and more obvious with each passing anniversary.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. A Brand Lives in Its Product<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>People often disassociate the product from the brand, but the reality is that a product is the most tangible representation of a brand itself. It is part of its identity and not just something the company sells. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Classic Coke was a drink with a specific taste, but also the taste of what the brand is. By changing the product&#8217;s formula, Coca-Cola&#8217;s executives modified the brand and the entire experience around it. When a product is deeply tied to a brand\u2019s identity, any change must be handled carefully to avoid breaking consumer trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And this leads us to the next point:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Sensory Identity Is Key for Food &amp; Beverage Brands<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>For food and beverage companies,&nbsp;taste is a core part of brand identity. By launching New Coke, Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its most iconic product, disrupting what made it special to consumers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even though blind taste tests showed people liked New Coke better, they still rejected it because it modified a familiar and nostalgic experience.&nbsp;Sensory elements\u2014taste, smell, texture\u2014are powerful brand assets that should be handled carefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. A Brand Must Always Deliver Its Promise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola had always marketed itself as&nbsp;&#8220;the real thing\u201d. &#8220;The Real Thing&#8221; meant Coca-Cola was the original, authentic cola that people could trust and had become a genuine part of American life, unlike its competitors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But by replacing its original formula, it contradicted that brand promise. Consumers felt betrayed because the brand no longer aligned with what they expected. This feeling of betrayal can spike very strong emotions amongst the brand&#8217;s audiences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Customer Loyalty Is Highly Emotional<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola assumed that because people preferred the taste of New Coke in blind tests, they would embrace the change. An enhancement of the product&#8217;s experience could have been a positive change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But taste wasn\u2019t the only factor; people had an emotional connection to the original formula. Consumers can buy based on rational reasons, but also based on feelings, memories, and habits. Marketers must always consider emotional loyalty and not just product performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Innovation Should Add, Not Replace&nbsp; (The Freedom of Choice Factor)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>New Coke might have been more accepted if it had been introduced as an option rather than a replacement. People resist having their choices taken away\u2014especially when it comes to beloved products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this case, people didn&#8217;t resist the change itself\u2014they resisted having their choices taken away. It is this &#8220;freedom of choice&#8221; highly linked to the brand&#8217;s cultural impact that was causing such reactions. Protests increased when the original Coke stopped being available on shelves, and stopped as soon as it was brought back alongside the new one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This case study illustrates how removing a familiar product can trigger&nbsp;<em>psychological reactance<\/em>, causing customers to push back, not necessarily because they dislike the new option, but because they feel forced into it. For marketers, this proves that successful innovation should expand options rather than eliminate existing favorites.<a href=\"#_ftn27\" id=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Sales Don\u2019t Always Equal Long-Term Success<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>New Coke sold well at first\u201475% of people who tried it said they would buy it again, and sales grew faster than the previous year. But in the end, this didn\u2019t mean consumers accepted the change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The backlash showed that short-term numbers don\u2019t always reflect long-term brand health. A product can sell well initially but still damage a brand if it weakens customer trust and loyalty over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. Strong Market Research Requires Emotional Insights<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Coca-Cola relied heavily on blind taste tests and surveys that showed people preferred New Coke\u2019s flavor. However, they failed to consider emotional loyalty and real-world behavior. While data suggested people liked the new taste, focus groups revealed passionate resistance from loyal drinkers\u2014insights that were ignored, although they were indicators of broader backlash.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This demonstrates that market research should go beyond rational preferences and consider emotional attachment, nostalgia, and cultural symbolism.<a href=\"#_ftn28\" id=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"thebr-posts-end-2\" style=\"text-align: center;\" id=\"thebr-2162655126\"><div id=\"thebr-3501974576\"><a class=\"advanced-image\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.thebrandingjournal.com\/brand-improvement-mini-course?utm_source=website&#038;utm_medium=banner&#038;utm_campaign=mini_course_articles&#038;utm_content=green\" data-bid=\"1\" data-no-instant=\"1\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n    <picture>\r\n        <source media=\"(max-width: 991px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mini-Course-Green-300x250-1.png\" type=\"image\/png\"\/>\r\n        <source media=\"(min-width: 992px)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mini-Course-Green-600x300-1.png\" type=\"image\/png\"\/>\r\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"banner\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thebrandingjournal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mini-Course-Green-600x300-1.png\" alt=\"mini-course image\"\/>\r\n    <\/picture>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. The Power of Social Influence To Shape Brand Perception<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The company underestimated how much their most loyal (and angry) customers could influence people, leading to more and more people feeling upset about the change over time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Marketers must ensure that research considers both majority trends and deeply committed customer segments, as these voices can often shape brand perception more than general consumer sentiment. <a href=\"#_ftn29\" id=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. A Branding Failure Can Become a Marketing Opportunity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite being widely mocked as an &#8220;epic failure,&#8221; the New Coke fiasco ultimately strengthened Coca-Cola&#8217;s brand in an unexpected way. When the company brought back the original formula as &#8220;Coca-Cola Classic,&#8221; it reinforced customer loyalty and boosted sales beyond previous levels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So by admitting mistakes, listening to customers, and responding humbly, we see that it is possible to rebuild trust and brand loyalty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-details cnvs-block-core-details-1697033257649 is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>References<\/summary>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> The Coca-Cola Company (2024).&nbsp;<em>The Birth of a Refreshing Idea&nbsp;<\/em>. [online] www.coca-colacompany.com. Available at: https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/the-birth-of-a-refreshing-idea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Fournier, S. (1999). Introducing New Coke. [online] Harvard Business School. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067\">https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Fogarty, K. (2018). New Coke | History, Response, &amp; Facts. In:&nbsp;<em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Newsdesk, M. (2009).&nbsp;<em>Branding blunders: Lessons from the \u2018New Coke\u2019 marketing disaster<\/em>. [online] MyCustomer. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mycustomer.com\/marketing\/strategy\/branding-blunders-lessons-from-the-new-coke-marketing-disaster\">https:\/\/www.mycustomer.com\/marketing\/strategy\/branding-blunders-lessons-from-the-new-coke-marketing-disaster<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Fournier, S. (1999). Introducing New Coke. [online] Harvard Business School. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067\">https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Ritschel, C. (2020).&nbsp;<em>35 years on: How \u2018New Coke\u2019 almost ruined Coca-Cola<\/em>. [online] The Independent. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/life-style\/food-and-drink\/new-coke-coca-cola-failed-product-launches-history-a9479116.html\">https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/life-style\/food-and-drink\/new-coke-coca-cola-failed-product-launches-history-a9479116.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Fogarty, K. (2018). New Coke | History, Response, &amp; Facts. In:&nbsp;<em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Fournier, S. (1999). Introducing New Coke. [online] Harvard Business School. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067\">https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Haoues, R. (2015).&nbsp;<em>Coca-Cola\u2019s PR disaster, 30 years later<\/em>. [online] Cbsnews.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/30-years-ago-today-coca-cola-new-coke-failure\/\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/30-years-ago-today-coca-cola-new-coke-failure\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> The Coca-Cola Company (2024). <em>New Coke: The Most Memorable Marketing Blunder Ever?<\/em>&nbsp;[online] www.coca-colacompany.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever\">https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Fournier, S. (1999). Introducing New Coke. [online] Harvard Business School. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067\">https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> The Coca-Cola Company (2024). <em>New Coke: The Most Memorable Marketing Blunder Ever?<\/em>&nbsp;[online] www.coca-colacompany.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever\">https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> The Inside History of the \u2018New Coke\u2019 Debacle. (2017).&nbsp;<em>Bloomberg.com<\/em>. [online] November 3 Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2017-11-03\/the-inside-history-of-the-new-coke-debacle\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/view\/articles\/2017-11-03\/the-inside-history-of-the-new-coke-debacle<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Fournier, S. (1999). Introducing New Coke. [online] Harvard Business School. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067\">https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> &nbsp;Haoues, R. (2015).&nbsp;<em>Coca-Cola\u2019s PR disaster, 30 years later<\/em>. [online] Cbsnews.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/30-years-ago-today-coca-cola-new-coke-failure\/\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/30-years-ago-today-coca-cola-new-coke-failure\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Fogarty, K. (2018). New Coke | History, Response, &amp; Facts. In:&nbsp;<em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> Fogarty, K. (2018). New Coke | History, Response, &amp; Facts. In:&nbsp;<em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> The Coca-Cola Company (2024). <em>New Coke: The Most Memorable Marketing Blunder Ever?<\/em>&nbsp;[online] www.coca-colacompany.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever\">https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> The Coca-Cola Company (2024). <em>New Coke: The Most Memorable Marketing Blunder Ever?<\/em>&nbsp;[online] www.coca-colacompany.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever\">https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> Ritschel, C. (2020).&nbsp;<em>35 years on: How \u2018New Coke\u2019 almost ruined Coca-Cola<\/em>. [online] The Independent. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/life-style\/food-and-drink\/new-coke-coca-cola-failed-product-launches-history-a9479116.html\">https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/life-style\/food-and-drink\/new-coke-coca-cola-failed-product-launches-history-a9479116.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> Gould, R.G., Skye (2015).&nbsp;<em>This mistake from 30 years ago almost destroyed Coca-Cola<\/em>. [online] Business Insider. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/new-coke-the-30th-anniversary-of-coca-colas-biggest-mistake-2015-4\">https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/new-coke-the-30th-anniversary-of-coca-colas-biggest-mistake-2015-4<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" id=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> Fournier, S. (1999). Introducing New Coke. [online] Harvard Business School. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067\">https:\/\/store.hbr.org\/product\/introducing-new-coke\/500067<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" id=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> The Coca-Cola Company (2024). <em>New Coke: The Most Memorable Marketing Blunder Ever?<\/em>&nbsp;[online] www.coca-colacompany.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever\">https:\/\/www.coca-colacompany.com\/about-us\/history\/new-coke-the-most-memorable-marketing-blunder-ever<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" id=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> Fogarty, K. (2018). New Coke | History, Response, &amp; Facts. In:&nbsp;<em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" id=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> Fogarty, K. (2018). New Coke | History, Response, &amp; Facts. In:&nbsp;<em>Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica<\/em>. [online] Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/New-Coke<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" id=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> Haoues, R. (2015).&nbsp;<em>Coca-Cola\u2019s PR disaster, 30 years later<\/em>. [online] Cbsnews.com. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/30-years-ago-today-coca-cola-new-coke-failure\/\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/30-years-ago-today-coca-cola-new-coke-failure\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" id=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> Jones, K., Ondracek, J., Saeed, M. and Bertsch, A. (2016). Don&#8217;t Mess with Coca-Cola: Introducing New Coke Reveals Flaws in Decision-Making within the Coca-Cola Company. <em>International Journal of Management Research<\/em>, 4(10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" id=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> Jones, K., Ondracek, J., Saeed, M. and Bertsch, A. (2016). Don&#8217;t Mess with Coca-Cola: Introducing New Coke Reveals Flaws in Decision-Making within the Coca-Cola Company. <em>International Journal of Management Research<\/em>, 4(10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" id=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> Jones, K., Ondracek, J., Saeed, M. and Bertsch, A. (2016). Don&#8217;t Mess with Coca-Cola: Introducing New Coke Reveals Flaws in Decision-Making within the Coca-Cola Company. <em>International Journal of Management Research<\/em>, 4(10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The launch of \u201cNew Coke\u201d 40 years ago, in 1985, is one of the most famous case studies&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171313,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"The launch of \u201cNew Coke\u201d 40 years ago, in 1985, is one of the most famous case studies in the world of branding and marketing. 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